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Le financement d'infrastructures urbaines a partir du foncier prend de l'importance dans les pays en developpement. Pourquoi est-il si difficile de financer des investissements d'infrastructure urbaine lorsque l'augmentation de la valeur des terrains est generalement superieure au cout des investissements ? L'ouvrage intitule Exploiter la valeur du foncier pour financer les infrastructures urbaines examine la theorie qui sous-tend divers instruments de financement par le foncier, tels que les prelevements sur les plus-values, les contributions des promoteurs, les taxes sur l'impact et l'echange de biens fonciers publics contre des infrastructures. A l'aide de nombreuses etudes de cas, l'ouvrage montre comment les instruments de financement base sur le foncier ont ete mis en oeuvre et decrit les enseignements tires de ces experiences. Ce guide pratique vise a accroitre le role du financement reposant sur le foncier dans les budgets d'equipement des villes de maniere a renforcer le financement des infrastructures urbaines et les marches fonciers urbains.

Betterment Levies --- Capital Budgets --- Infrastructure Finance --- Land Asset Management --- Land Values --- Municipal Finance --- Municipal Taxation

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This paper is based on an evaluation of the Zambian lending portfolio carried out in early 2011. The paper begins by explaining the demand for good governance (DFGG) concept, identifying its increasing prevalence as a theme in World Bank discourse, locating it in a broader development agenda, and drawing out its implications for World Bank projects. The paper then presents the Zambian lending projects as a case study, drawing out the factors that contribute to DFGG success and failure on the ground. The relevance of this Zambian case study is that it demonstrates some of the particular challenges of trying to move DFGG commitments from paper to practice. Nine projects are considered in total. Each project is assessed for DFGG mechanisms in the following four categories: transparency and information, participation and consultation, monitoring and oversight, and capacity enhancement. The established mechanisms are considered according to a set of following four criteria s: effectiveness, efficiency, inclusiveness, and sustainability. This paper presents a background and explanation of the DFGG concept, describing its increasing prevalence as a theme in World Bank discourse, its location in a broader development agenda as well as its implications for World Bank projects. It further illustrates the Zambian lending projects as case studies, drawing out the factors that contribute to DFGG successes and failure on the ground. The paper concludes with specific recommendations on how interventions can be more experimental in their philosophy, more analytical in their preparation, and more managerial in their attempts to address internal obstacles.

Finance --- Finance and Development --- Finance and Financial Sector Development --- Governance --- Infrastructure Economics and Finance --- Infrastructure Finance

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Explosive growth in demand for passenger and freight transport in the South Asia region, driven by high economic growth, has put the spotlight squarely on ensuring enhanced delivery of infrastructure and services. The objective of the study is to help governments and policy makers in identifying reforms that are required to modernize and strengthen the capacity and performance of their road agencies to deliver large investment programs through performance monitoring as a tool. A review of the highway agencies in the region has been undertaken to suggest: a) indicators to assess their capacities and performance; and b) a roadmap to improve performance in key functional areas of the agencies. The scope of study included a review of a sample of highway agencies from Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. This sample included national and provincial level highway agencies as well as road corporations. In India, the focus was on the state-level highway agencies. This study also incorporates findings from earlier studies commissioned by the World Bank.

Highways --- Infrastructure Economics --- Infrastructure Economics and Finance --- Infrastructure Finance --- Roads & Highways --- Transport

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The Latin America and the Caribbean Region (LAC) has the largest stock of active PPP investments and the largest pipeline of infrastructure projects by volume globally, reflecting the central role of the private sector in the regional development agenda. Looking ahead, the region is making efforts to close the estimated USD 180 billion per year investment gap with further private sector resources by: (i) improving the enabling environment for private investments to take place; and (ii) developing a robust pipeline of bankable projects. The WBG is well-placed to assist the region with financial support and knowledge services, as illustrated by the examples selected for part three of this report.

Energy --- Infrastructure Economics --- Infrastructure Economics and Finance --- Infrastructure Finance --- Private Participation in Infrastructure --- Renewable Energy --- Roads and Highways --- Transport

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Financing public infrastructure is an important challenge in the growth agenda of the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region. Subject to fiscal constraints, many countries in the LAC region have been looking at private sector financing as an alternative for financing public investment. With different degrees of success, countries in the region have been using Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) since the late 1980s. Although the needs of investments in public infrastructure vary by country and by sector, it is clear that public resources might not be enough. While public infrastructure will continue to be largely financed by the public sector in the LAC region, significant room still exist for private sector financing of public infrastructure. In Advanced Economies (AEs), such as Australia, and the United Kingdom, PPP projects account for 10 to 15 percent of overall infrastructure investments. This report analyzes the challenges and policy options to increase private sector financing in public infrastructure in the LAC region through PPPs. Given the diversity of LAC countries, the report takes a conceptual approach and analyzes the different alternatives of private sector financing of public investments that different groups of countries can utilize. This approach also takes stock of the different status and degree of institutional and financial development in LAC countries in light of ongoing promising legal reforms and financial innovations for infrastructure finance in the LAC region, as well as in AEs and other regions.

Development Financial Institutions --- Infrastructure --- Infrastructure Economics --- Infrastructure Economics and Finance --- Infrastructure Finance --- Private Participation in Infrastructure --- Public-Private Partnerships